The truth about multivitamins: Do you really need them daily?

Multivitamin consumption is very common these days as it fits well with today’s lifestyle. Given the bright packaging and bold statements that claim improved immunity, energy, and general health, it is easy to become convinced that taking a pill every morning is a secret to staying fit. But do we really need multivitamins every day?

From a pharmaceutical point of view, multivitamins are meant for consumption to fill the voids of nutrients missing in one’s diet. They generally have a combination of important vitamins A, B-complex, C, D, E, and some minerals such as iron, calcium, and zinc. People who have some dietary restrictions, medical conditions, or have suboptimal eating habits do stand to gain from them. Generally, pregnant women, elderly, people recovering from surgery, or someone with certain nutrient deficiencies can benefit from multivitamins when taken on the direction of healthcare professionals.

The necessity of multivitamins for an adult maintaining a well-balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, and good fats is rather controversial. Global health research indicates possible harmful effects from excessive intake of certain vitamins and minerals, especially the fat-soluble ones A, D, E, and K, which can accumulate in the body and lead to toxicity if consumed in excess over time.

Pharmaceutical companies specialize in personalized supplements. As is often the case with multivitamins, a “one-size-fits-all” approach results in over-supplementation, which does not always provide the anticipated benefits. Over, under, or misallocation of dosage can potentially result in Ill effects, such as high doses of vitamin E linked to increased prostate issues or excessive vitamin A harming the liver.

Consumers need to be aware where these multivitamins come from. Not all supplements are of equal quality. Differences in formulation, rates of absorption, and ingredient quality exist. Approved pharmaceutical brands are safe and effective because they have undergone clinical testing, while non-regulated or over-the-counter supplements may lack these guarantees.

Additionally, it is important to understand that multivitamins do not compensate for a poor diet. Supplements are intended to augment, not replace, nutrition derived from whole foods. Additionally, addressing lifestyle factors like lack of physical activity, inadequate rest, and elevated stress levels, while supplementing, supports the broader holistic wellness objective.

To summarize, daily multivitamins should align with individuals’ needs, life, and be guided by professional counsel. While convenience is a plus, and in some cases, they can be beneficial, supplements should never be deemed as healthy “magic” pills. Good diet, physical activity, periodic medical checkups, and balanced wellness are foundational.

Jeevan Kasara, Director and CEO, Steris Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.